-
Pathways of Neurogenic and Humoral Control in the
Vestibulosympathetic Reflex of Conscious Rats
-
Guang Shi Jin, Gyoung Wan Lee, Sang Eon Park, Yuan Zhe Jin, Byung Rim Park
-
Res Vestib Sci. 2015;14(4):110-116.
-
-
-
 Abstract
 PDF
- Objective: The vestibular system contributes control of blood pressure during postural
changes through the vestibulosympathetic reflex. In the vestibulosympathetic reflex,
afferent signals from the peripheral vestibular receptors are transmitted to the vestibular
nuclei, rostral ventrolateral medullary nuclei, and then to the intermediolateral cell
column of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Physiological characteristics of the vestibulosympathetic
reflex in terms of neurogenic and humoral control of blood pressure
were investigated in this study.
Methods
Conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation were used for removal of
baroreceptors in reflex control of blood pressure, and hypotension was induced by
intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Expression of c-Fos protein was
measured in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), rostral vestrolateral medullary nuclei
(RVLM), and intermediolateral cell column (IMC) in T4-7, and levels of blood
epinephrine were measured following SNP-induced hypotension.
Results
SNP-induced hypotension significantly increased expression of c-Fos protein
in the MVN, RVLM, and IMC, also significantly increased level of blood epinephrine
compared to normotensive control animals.
Conclusion
These results suggest that the vestibulosympathetic reflex regulates blood
pressure through neurogenic control including MVN, RVLM, and IMC, also through
humoral control including epinephrine secretion by the adrenal medulla following
SNP-induced hypotension. The physiological characteristics of the reflex may contribute
to basic treatment of impairment of blood pressure control during postural changes.
-
Understanding of Structure and Function of Vestibular Cortex
-
Min Sun Kim, Jae Hee Lee, Gyoung Wan Lee, Byung Rim Park
-
Res Vestib Sci. 2010;9(1):1-11.
-
-
-
Abstract
PDF
- The vestibular end-organs generate very sophisticated gravity sensory information about head movement by sensing head acceleration in three-dimensional space. Vestibular information is crucial for higher brain functions such as cognition of spatial orientation, spatial memory, and perception of self-motion. The term “vestibular cortex” represents cortical area where vestibular information is processed, converged with other sensory inputs to maintain cortical functions. The vestibular cortex gives rise to commend signals that control the vestibulosomatic reflex through the modulation of vestibular nuclear activity in the brainstem. The vestibular cortex includes such different cortical regions as the premotor region of the frontal cortex, parietal areas, temporal areas, and a central core region called parietoinsular vestibular cortex. This paper summarizes systemically animal and clinical research data concerned with the vestibular cortex in order to understand anatomy and functions of the vestibular cortex and to provide a basic literature for further study.
-
Changes in the Gastrointestinal Motility following Unilateral Labyrinthectomy
-
Jae Hee Lee, Gyoung Wan Lee, Suck Jun Choi, Eun Ho Park
-
Res Vestib Sci. 2009;8(1):15-22.
-
-
-
Abstract
PDF
- Background and Objectives The temporal changes and the role of glutamate receptors in the recovery of vestibulogastrointestinal symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) were investigated in this study. Vestibulogastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated in terms of gastric emptying and intestinal transit.
Materials and Methods Expression of the c-Fos protein was observed in the solitary tract nucleus (STN) and rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM). These were measured at 0.5, 2, 6 and 24 h following UL in rats.
Results Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were significantly decreased for 6 h post UL and recovered to control levels within 24 h. Pretreatment of UL animals with MK-801 significantly increased the gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Bilateral labyrinthectomy significantly decreased the gastric emptying and intestinal transit compared to the intact labyrinthine animals but significantly increased when compared to UL animals. The expression of c-Fos protein was significantly increased in STN and RVLM compared to the control animals for 6 h post UL and recovered to control levels within 24 h. The expression was significantly decreased in animals that were pretreated with MK-801.
Conclusion These results suggest that UL decreases the gastrointestinal motility, which recovers to control levels within 24 h post UL. Glutamate plays an important role in the recovery of vestibulogastrointestinal symptoms following UL.
Key Words: Gastric emptying; c-Fos protein; Glutamate; Gastrointestinal Motility; Unilateral labyrinthectomy
-
Role of the Peripheral Vestibular System on Neuroplasticity Induced by Hypergravity Stimulation
-
Jae Hyo Lee, Gyoung Wan Lee, Han Su Park, Jae Hee Lee, Dong Ok Choi, Myoung Ae Choi, Byung Rim Park
-
J Korean Bal Soc. 2006;5(2):213-223.
-
-
-
Abstract
PDF
- Background
and Objectives: Altered environmental gravity, including both hypo- and hypergravity, may result in space adaptation syndrome. To explore the characteristics of this adaptive plasticity, the expression of immediate early gene c-fos mRNA in the vestibular system following an exposure to hypergravity stimulus was determined in rats.
Materials and Method: The animals were subjected to 2 G force (two-fold earth's gravity) stimulus for 3 hours, and were examined at post-stimulus hours 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24. Real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was adopted to analyze temporal changes in the expression of c-fos mRNA.
Results
The hypergravity stimulation produced the expression of c-fos mRNA in the vestibular ganglion, medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus, hippocampus, vestibulocerebellum, and vestibular cortex. The peak expression occurred at hour 6 in the animals hypergravity-stimulated for 3 hours. Bilateral labyrinthectomy significantly attenuated the degree of up-regulation in c-fos mRNA expression. MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, also significantly attenuated the degree of up-regulation in c-fos mRNA expression.
Conclusion
These results indicate that the adaptive neuroplasticity in response to an altered gravity occurs in the vestibular-related organs in the central nervous system, in which peripheral vestibular receptors and NMDA receptors play an important role.
Key Words : Hypergravity, Neuronal plasticity, Vestibule, c-fos gene
|
KBS
