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Real-Time Measurement of 3-Dimensional Eye Movements by Videooculography
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Mee Hyun Song, Soo Chan Kim, Ki Chang Nam, Deok Won Kim, Yoo Sup Shin, Won Sang Lee
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J Korean Bal Soc. 2004;3(1):161-169.
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 Abstract
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- Background
and Objectives：In order to analyze and understand the oculomotor system completely, it is essential
to measure horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements. We developed a new system of 3-dimensional
videooculography that can accurately estimate the pupil center and measure torsional eye movement in real time while
minimizing the errors caused by upper eyelid droop, eyelashes, corneal reflection, and eye blinking.
Materials and Method：For accurate estimation of the center and diameter of the pupil, the edges of the pupil
were searched by using a sector-form window and circle fitting was performed using the least square regression.
Torsional eye movement was measured using polar cross-correlation technique with modification to lessen the errors
produced by the change in pupil size. Calibrations were performed and to verify the proposed system, the linearity
between the measured and actual eye movements was measured. Also, the results of the proposed system were
compared with those of another commercialized system.
Results
： The linearity between the measured and actual eye movements showed errors of less than 1%. The spatial
resolutions of the system for horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements were 0.3, 0.4, and 0.2, respectively
whereas the temporal resolution was 30 frames/sec. In comparison to the commercialized system, our system showed
less artifact by eye blinking when measuring vertical eye movement.
Conclusion
：We proposed an algorithm and a system for measuring horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye
movements which minimized the influence of partial eyelid closure, eyelashes, corneal reflections, and change in pupil
size.
Key Words：Eye movement Vestibulo ocular reflex, Measurement.
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Galvanic Nystagmus in Normal Person
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Woon Kyo Chung, Ju Hyoung Lee, Soo Chan Kim, Ki Chang Nam, Deok Won Kim, Won Sang Lee
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J Korean Bal Soc. 2002;1(1):108-112.
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Abstract
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- Background
and objectives: Vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibulo-spinal reflex are induced by transmatoid galvanic stimulation of vestibular system. Nystagmus and body sway are result of each reflex. Recently, videooculograph possible to record a minute ocular movement was commonly used, vestibulo-ocular reflex induced by galvanic simualtion is easily documented. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the galvanic nystagmus in nomal persons in order to better understand the physiology of the vestibular system.
Materials and methods: Eye movement of 20 neurootologic normal subjects by both side transmstoid galvanic stimulation (40cases) were analyzing by videonystagmography.
Result
The direction of nystagmus in fast phase was to the negative electrode. Galvanic nystagmus was occured all normal subjects when stimulus intensity was more than 2mA. There was positive correlation between slow phase velocity(SPV) and electric current but negative correlation was noted between asymmery of SPV and electric current.
Conclusion
It is suggested that the galvanic nystagmus test could be a new diagnostic tool for evaluation of vestibular status.
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