Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Subtype | Symptom | Duration of symptom | Positional nystagmus | Differential diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Recurrent attacks of positional vertigo or dizziness provoked by lying down or turning over in the supine position | < 1 min | Not attributable to another disorder | |
HC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Same as above | Same as above | Same as above | |
HC-BPPV, cupulolithiais | Same as above | Same as above* | Same as above | |
Probable BPPV, spontaneously resolved | Same as above | Same as above | No observable nystagmus and no vertigo with any positional maneuver | Same as above |
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; PC, posterior canal; HC, horizontal canal.
*The duration of an attack of positional vertigo is usually less than 1 minute as patients tend to turn their head into a position where vertigo and nystagmus stop. However, the duration can be longer if they are kept their head in the provoking position.
Modified from the article of von Brevern et al. [4].
Subtype | Symptom | Duration of symptom | Positional nystagmus | Differential diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
AC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Recurrent attacks of positional vertigo or dizziness provoked by lying down or turning over in the supine position | < 1 min | Not attributable to another disorder | |
PC-BPPV, cupulolithiais | Same as above | Same as above* | Same as above | |
Multiple canal BPPV | Same as above | Same as above | Positional nystagmus, compatible with canalolithiasis of more than one canal during the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and the supine roll test | Same as above |
Possible BPPV | Attacks of positional vertigo missing one of the criteria of a disorder coded above | – | – | Same as above |
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; AC, anterior canal; PC, posterior canal.
*The duration of an attack of positional vertigo is usually less than 1 minute as patients tend to turn their head into a position where vertigo and nystagmus stop. However, the duration can be longer if they are kept their head in the provoking position.
Modified from the article of von Brevern et al. [4].
Subtype | Symptom | Duration of symptom | Positional nystagmus | Differential diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Recurrent attacks of positional vertigo or dizziness provoked by lying down or turning over in the supine position | < 1 min | 1)Elicited by Dix-Hallpike maneuver or side-lying maneuver 2)Latency: one or few seconds 3)Duration: < 1 min 4)Torsional up-beating nystagmus |
Not attributable to another disorder |
HC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Same as above | Same as above | 1)Elicited by supine roll test 2)Latency: brief or no latency 3)Duration: < 1 min 4)Horizontal beating toward the undermost ear with head turned to either side |
Same as above |
HC-BPPV, cupulolithiais | Same as above | Same as above |
1)Elicited by supine roll test 2)Latency: brief or no latency 3)Duration: > 1 min 4)Horizontal beating toward the uppermost ear with head turned to either side |
Same as above |
Probable BPPV, spontaneously resolved | Same as above | Same as above | No observable nystagmus and no vertigo with any positional maneuver | Same as above |
Subtype | Symptom | Duration of symptom | Positional nystagmus | Differential diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
AC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Recurrent attacks of positional vertigo or dizziness provoked by lying down or turning over in the supine position | < 1 min | 1)Elicited by Dix-Hallpike maneuver (on one or both sides) or in the supine straight head-hanging position 2)Latency: one or few seconds 3)Duration: < 1 min 4)Predominantly vertically down-beating nystagmus |
Not attributable to another disorder |
PC-BPPV, cupulolithiais | Same as above | Same as above |
1)Elicited by half Dix-Hallpike maneuver 2)Latency: brief or no latency 3)Duration: > 1 min 4)Torsional up-beating nystagmus |
Same as above |
Multiple canal BPPV | Same as above | Same as above | Positional nystagmus, compatible with canalolithiasis of more than one canal during the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and the supine roll test | Same as above |
Possible BPPV | Attacks of positional vertigo missing one of the criteria of a disorder coded above | – | – | Same as above |
Subtype | Diagnostic method | Affected ear |
---|---|---|
PC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Dix-Hallpike maneuver | The fast-torsional component of nystagmus beats toward the affected ear |
HC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Supine roll test | The side with the strongest nystagmus is the affected ear |
Bow (or bending forward) position | Nystagmus beats toward the affected ear | |
Lean (or lying-down) position | Nystagmus beats away from the affected ear | |
HC-BPPV, cupulolithiais | Supine roll test | The side opposite the strongest nystagmus is the affected ear |
Bow (or bending forward) position | Nystagmus beats away from the affected ear | |
Lean (or lying-down) position | Nystagmus beats toward the affected ear | |
AC-BPPV, canalolithiais | Dix-Hallpike maneuver | The fast-torsional component of nystagmus beats toward the affected ear |
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; PC, posterior canal; HC, horizontal canal. The duration of an attack of positional vertigo is usually less than 1 minute as patients tend to turn their head into a position where vertigo and nystagmus stop. However, the duration can be longer if they are kept their head in the provoking position. Modified from the article of von Brevern et al. [4].
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; AC, anterior canal; PC, posterior canal. The duration of an attack of positional vertigo is usually less than 1 minute as patients tend to turn their head into a position where vertigo and nystagmus stop. However, the duration can be longer if they are kept their head in the provoking position. Modified from the article of von Brevern et al. [4].
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; PC, posterior canal; HC, horizontal canal; AC, anterior canal. Modified from the article of von Brevern et al. [4].