Research in Vestibular Science

Medical Treatment of Nonvascular Central Vertigo: Seo-Young Choi, Kwang-Dong Choi; Res Vestib Sci. 2021;20(3):75-80. Published online September 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2021.20.3.75

Abstract PDF: Central vertigo is the common symptom resulting from abnormalities in the central nervous system, caused by various diseases, which include neurodegenerative, vascular, inflammation, infection, tumor, paraneoplastic, toxic, or metabolic disorders. Since the treatment of central vertigo depends on the causes, an accurate diagnosis should be preceded the treatment through a detailed neurotologic examination and laboratory evaluation. Also, it is important to identify and document the neurologic findings accompanied by central vertigo, because some medication focuses on the ocular motor abnormalities as nystagmus or saccadic intrusion. Here, we will review the medical treatment for central vertigo.

Update on Genetic Study of Vestibular Disorder: Jae-Hwan Choi; Res Vestib Sci. 2021;20(2):37-44. Published online June 14, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2021.20.2.37

Abstract PDF: The wide availability of next-generation sequencing has enabled a rapid progress in the discovery of genetic variants associated with many disorders. However, the contribution of genetic factors in vestibular disorders is largely unknown due to the low prevalence of familial disorders and the clinical diversity. A detailed clinical characterization of patients and a choice of proper genetic tests are required to identify the genetic contribution in vestibular disorders. In this review, we will introduce a genetic approach for vestibular disorders and update the evidences to support the genetic contribution in vestibular disorders.

Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness: Overview and Diagnostic Criteria: Sung-Hee Kim; Res Vestib Sci. 2020;19(2):42-48. Published online June 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2020.19.2.42

Abstract PDF: Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional vestibular disorder that manifests with 3 or more months of dizziness, nonspinning vertigo, and unsteadiness. These main symptoms are exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive self-motion, and exposure to visual stimuli. PPPD is usually precipitated by illnesses that cause vertigo, dizziness, or unsteadiness. The common precipitants are acute or episodic peripheral vestibular diseases including vestibular neuritis, Meniere disease, or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. PPPD is not a diagnosis of exclusion. An abnormal finding on examination or laboratory testing does not necessarily exclude a diagnosis of PPPD. This article reviewed the Bárány Society’s diagnostic criteria for PPPD in detail and discussed directions of future investigations.

Near Faint and Autonomic Symptoms: Hyun Ah Kim; Res Vestib Sci. 2013;12:S41-S45. Published online June 1, 2013

Abstract PDF: Orthostatic or autonomic dizziness is a common complaint in patient who seeking dizzy clinic. Patients with autonomic dizziness presented their dizziness as nonvertiginous dizziness, light-headedness, or fogginess in the head, which are usually exacerbated by physical exertion (but not specific changes in head position), straining (e.g., the Valsalva manuver), and orthostatic challenges. Orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome are two common causes of autonomic dizziness. Because the vestibular system influences both respiratory and cardiovascular control, damage to the central or peripheral vestibular system also can cause to compromise the ability to adjust breathing and blood pressure during movement and changes in posture. Here the author reviews the clinical features of autonomic dizziness from various causes.

Diagnostic Criteria for M?nier?’s Disease: Jose A Lopez-Escamez, John Careyb, Won Ho Chung, Joel A Goebeld, Mans Magnusson, Marco Mandala, David E Newman-Tokerg, Michael Strupp, Mamoru Suzuki, Franco Trabalzini, Alexandre Bisdorff; Res Vestib Sci. 2015;14(3):67-74.

Abstract PDF: This paper presents diagnostic criteria for M?nier?’s disease jointly formulated by the Classification Committee of the B?r?ny Society, The Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, the Equilibrium Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the Korean Balance Society. The classification includes two categories: definite M?ni?re's disease and probable Meni?re's disease. The diagnosis of definite M?ni?re's disease is based on clinical criteria and requires the observation of an episodic vertigo syndrome associated with low- to medium- frequency sensorineural hearing loss and fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing, tinnitus and/or fullness) in the affected ear. Duration of vertigo episodes is limited to a period between 20 minutes and 12 hours. Probable M?nier?'s disease is a broader concept defined by episodic vestibular symptoms (vertigo or dizziness) associated with fluctuating aural symptoms occurring in a period from 20 minutes to 24 hours.

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